Investigation of the Effect of Nanoparticles in Phase Change Materials on Heat Transfer in Building Wall

Abstract

Phase change materials (PCMs) offer a viable approach for improving energy storage and thermal regulation in the construction industry. Despite their integration ease with building materials, PCMs face challenges with thermal conductivity. This study explores the effectiveness of different PCMs in reducing building energy consumption and investigates the role of nanoparticles in enhancing PCM conductivity. Specifically, the research evaluates three PCMs— N-octadecane, N-eicosane, and N-hexadecane—and examines the impact of two additives, Al₂O₃ and CuO, on thermal performance. Detailed analysis of temperature and heat flow parameters demonstrates that nanoparticle additives significantly enhance thermal conductivity and improve PCM absorption. Notably, higher nanoparticle concentrations result in delayed peak amplitudes by up to 1.5 hours and influence viscosity. Among the PCMs tested, N-hexadecane emerges as the most effective for improving winter thermal comfort in buildings, while N-octadecane is preferable for its melting point characteristics.